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pj_mukh 1 hours ago [-]
Paraphrasing the crux of the issue: "It's regular practice in Colorado to list license plates with both versions, the one with 'O's and the other with Zeros in the warrant list."
Insane. Practice.
As always, this story has have nothing to do with the cameras or AI, but "law enforcement has an insane lazy practice" doesn't make for a very good headline anymore.
jeremywho 1 hours ago [-]
> this story has have nothing to do with the cameras or AI
This story wouldn't exist without flock cameras constantly surveilling the public...cameras have EVERYTHING to do with this story.
pj_mukh 52 minutes ago [-]
"Law enforcement is setting up a multi-county dragnet by putting every version or mistype of a license plate into a warrant list"
wouldn't be a story? It should be! We should have a higher standard for the people with guns and a badge on the street.
LocalH 45 minutes ago [-]
Flock is the problem too because their system is enabling the rights violations to scale up.
mlmonkey 47 minutes ago [-]
This wouldn't be a story if the cops did not put the wrong license plate in the system. How is it Flock's fault? Flock is just doing what it is being asked to do!
Let me put in simple terms: Flock flags license plates that are given to it. Someone, somewhere says, license plate "ABCD1234" has a warrant out.
And guess what, if Flock sees that plate, it _will_ flag it each. and. every. time!
Tomorrow, say an "Amber Alert" is issued for a pink Ford Taurus with plate "PINKLADY" (when in fact it was a red Taurus with the plate "MADLAD"). Don't you think anyone driving around in a pink Ford Taurus with that plate should be pulled over?
LocalH 37 minutes ago [-]
Once? Maybe. And then the cops do their jobs and determine that PINKLADY is not who they're actually looking for, and they go on their way.
Multiple times? Police laziness fueled by AI incompetence
The people getting caught up in this have been pulled over multiple times.
dylan604 7 minutes ago [-]
I think if you are driving around in a pink Ford Taurus you are definitely guilty of something even if the plate reads MARYKAY
LocalH 6 minutes ago [-]
bad taste isn't a crime lmao
mindslight 37 minutes ago [-]
Pigeonholing responsibility onto one party is what allows these mutually-dependent systems to point fingers at one another to escape blame. Rather, the responsibility here is shared. If you want to focus your call for reform on the police (for both making an overly-broad list, and also for harming innocent motorists without compensating them for the damage), then I agree that's more appropriate for this particular problem. But don't absolve Flock.
chimpanzee 40 minutes ago [-]
> Flock is just doing what it is being asked to do!
Well then clearly they are not a problem.
rationalist 9 minutes ago [-]
Hmm, I wonder what Flock proponents would say when immediately asked about guns, after all, it's just a machine doing what it is being asked to do!
dylan604 6 minutes ago [-]
This is precisely what they mean when they say "guns don't kill people, bad people with guns kill people"
LocalH 8 minutes ago [-]
they'd only support fully AI-driven guns with zero oversight
sathackr 37 minutes ago [-]
"They can't remove it without knowing who the warrant is for" is absolutely Flocks problem.
They're alerting on a license plate but yet somehow they can't turn off that license plate alert using just the license plate number? Fucking bullshit
dylan604 5 minutes ago [-]
Wouldn't it be the purview of the cops to update Flock that the plate is no longer of interest and to stop alerting on it? I'm no fan of Flock, but let's put the onus where it is deserved.
scottlamb 42 minutes ago [-]
> Paraphrasing the crux of the issue: "It's regular practice in Colorado to list license plates with both versions, the one with 'O's and the other with Zeros in the warrant list." Insane. Practice.
Agree.
> As always, this story has have nothing to do with the cameras or AI, but "law enforcement has an insane lazy practice" doesn't make for a very good headline anymore.
Flock allows them to execute their intent at scale. That's a regression, unless it leads to the realization their intent is harmful and stupid.
(Lots of other reasons Flock is bad too.)
api 29 minutes ago [-]
The inability of governments to perfectly enforce laws and regulations shields us from their incompetence and corruption to some extent.
LocalH 13 minutes ago [-]
And they think AI will allow them to approach that perfection, when in reality it's worse than actual police investigation
LocalH 1 hours ago [-]
The AI is making it way worse because they're continually flagging these individuals even after the police make contact.
Police are starting to use AI as a shortcut to avoid doing actual policing, and that's the real problem.
AI has no place in law enforcement. Its use should result in complete spoilage of the case, and complete exoneration of the accused, with prejudice.
pj_mukh 1 hours ago [-]
No licensed engineer can say "Well Claude made this bridge for me, it's not my fault". If you're licensed by the state to carry a gun around, your standard should be higher than that, not lower.
AI has nothing to do with this. Cops have been using facial recognition since the 2010's, computers and databases with glitchy connections even longer than that. AI is just the latest boogeyman hiding the actual issue.
LocalH 1 hours ago [-]
Still, AI has no place in law enforcement. It's the hammer that is being used to put screws in. It enables injustice at a far larger scale than ever before. See: the TN woman who was extradited to NC, having never been there, for a crime that the AI "face recognition" flagged as her, and the cops did zero actual investigation, they just took the AI at its word and put her in jail for six months. I also remember a man who was jailed for violating someone else's casino trespass under similar reasons. Bodycams in that case showed the cops says "the software is saying it's him 100%"
Edit: it was North Dakota, not North Carolina.
pj_mukh 1 hours ago [-]
"the TN woman who was extradited to NC,"
Yup, exactly. Look that case up, it had nothing to do with Flock. It was facial recognition software and an old school database built in 2014, so likely not big-data ML (AlexNet hadn't even come out) but classic CV.
Productivity improvements will be needed in all industries. I'd rather have fewer well-paid and well-trained, accountable LEO's that have all the productivity tools they need vs. a mini-army of union-protected tom-dick-harry's grabbed of the street, handed a gun and a database. No thank you.
LocalH 54 minutes ago [-]
I'd rather we have cops who are required to actually investigate, versus just taking what a computer program tells them as if it is inerrant gospel
Maybe if the cops can prove they actually did investigation and were only prompted by the AI to do that investigation, I'd agree. But the whole problem is that the cops are blindly using AI to tell them who to arrest, which is such a blatant rights violation that I can't see how anyone could support it and sleep soundly at night
Also, a non-zero number of cops have been using AI to stalk ex-partners. That's just known cases, and it stands to reason there are also a non-zero number of cops who have done it and not been caught. Since a single such case is too many, it needs to stop.
Also, don't forget, "good" cops who aren't reporting bad cops and trying to get them off the force are also really bad cops
SJMG 43 minutes ago [-]
Are you thinking of this woman who was jailed in Fargo?
(light correction - she was extradited hundreds of miles all the way to Michigan!)
LocalH 58 minutes ago [-]
Maybe there were two cases because I thought I remembered hearing about that (or was it Maryland?) but I also remember a similar situation of someone being taken to NC
Edit: the one I was referencing was North Dakota, not NC. But there was a very similar case that I think involved Maryland. The fact that there are multiple cases to confuse in this scenario only emboldens my viewpoint that AI has no place being anywhere near LEO
1qaboutecs 24 minutes ago [-]
i confused michigan with north dakota, and it all makes sense now! sorry.
See: the TN woman who was extradited to NC, having never been there, for a crime that the AI "face recognition" flagged as her, and the cops did zero actual investigation, they just took the AI at its word and put her in jail for six months.
As has been explained numerous times, this was a problem with the police and the courts, not AI. Get rid of bad cops first, then worry about AI.
rationalist 6 minutes ago [-]
Why not worry about the AI and work to try to get rid of bad cops?
There is no sense in limiting yourself to doing the next-to-impossible task first.
LocalH 11 minutes ago [-]
I'd rather bad cops not be able to use AI to be worse cops, thank you. I think that's the easier task, because of qualified immunity. AI hallucination is an issue well known to happen widely.
7 minutes ago [-]
allknowingfrog 16 minutes ago [-]
I think both can be true. Ideally, we should do more to address the social issues that cause people to drink and drive, but revoking licenses is still a good short-term move. We could outlaw AI policing while we work on deeper issues with law enforcement.
amanaplanacanal 37 minutes ago [-]
Why the heck are they using both O and 0 on their license plates? Seems like a recipe for this kind of failure.
zehaeva 21 minutes ago [-]
The cameras that they have to read plates in a lot of different conditions and various states of cleanliness. Some states allow O and some states allow 0, and some states don't care. Combine the two issues and cops get lazy and want to check the plate with both the 0 and O just to "make sure".
The cameras also confuse D and Q with 0 and O. And 5 & S, and 2 & Z, and 6 & G, and 8 & B.
mitthrowaway2 34 minutes ago [-]
Or at least, enforce a totally unambiguous font, like slashed zero!
rtkwe 16 minutes ago [-]
Doesn't solve the issue until all 48/50 states have the same standard.
dylan604 3 minutes ago [-]
interesting. i never new a fraction of something could be considered all.
munk-a 49 minutes ago [-]
I simply don't understand why our legal system needs a non-deterministic agent injected into it. What value are we trying to capture that isn't already delivered by our overbearing amount of surveillance.
LocalH 48 minutes ago [-]
The ability to do less actual work and still get arrests
virissimo 1 hours ago [-]
It's not insane at all to return both in a lookup. The "reporting person" will often be wrong about slight variations when calling in a license plate and the downside of errors are asymmetric: it is much more dangerous for the officer to think a driver doesn't have a warrant when they do versus thinking they have a warrant when they don't.
zamadatix 59 minutes ago [-]
The insane part is trying to solve the problems created by homoglyphs in post-assignment.
What's the need to allow both `O` and `0` on a plate if it's supposed to be hard to tell apart anyway? Say there was some reason to want to both characters, why allow assigning a new plate which would match with an existing assignment? It's just a loss of time, resources, and safety for both law enforcement and everyone else to allow duplicate matches to be a possibility.
LocalH 34 minutes ago [-]
The funny thing is that disambiguation of glyphs in a font is a solved problem. Slash the zeroes, wide serifs on the capital i, etc. They just...don't do so in these states where it is still a problem.
zehaeva 19 minutes ago [-]
It's also a a problem because not all states are the same, some don't allow O, some do. Some allow 0, some don't! The cameras need to be able to read both.
mrlonglong 5 minutes ago [-]
In the UK this issue was recognised decades ago. They only allow certain letters and numbers in specific places on the registration plates.
tadfisher 54 minutes ago [-]
Sorry, is it not also much more dangerous for the erroneously-flagged person to be put in this situation? I imagine anyone legally transporting a weapon, for example, would be put in material risk for their safety by this practice.
LocalH 33 minutes ago [-]
Also, the widespread practice of people being pulled over for "driving while black".
The police are not your friends. Their job is to arrest. Some departments still have quotas which incentivize their cops to do this even harder.
LocalH 56 minutes ago [-]
Let's just arrest everyone then - I'm sure they've committed a crime of some kind during their life.
We're approximately halfway down the slippery slope, and I don't see any way out other than hard revolution, which is very touchy talk on the internet.
Ultimately it's all modern capitalism's fault, else there would be much less incentive for these companies to fuel what is rapidly becoming the effective Fourth Reich
jumpconc 47 minutes ago [-]
You can talk about revolution on the internet. You can't talk about revolution on websites owned by the current elite, such as this one.
LocalH 42 minutes ago [-]
Let me rephrase - you can't talk about it in any venue that's likely to get reach beyond people who are already rightfully paranoid about their rights
Zigurd 10 minutes ago [-]
Except that's not an excuse. What it really means is that potential matches have extremely low confidence, and shouldn't be reported as matches.
Unfortunately, there are a lot of squad cars and they don't have post-its, they have ALPRs that flag all possible combinations of 1 and I for arrest.
zehaeva 18 minutes ago [-]
There truly is an xkcd for everything.
AlexandrB 56 minutes ago [-]
The insane practice was allowing "O" and "0" to be used in license plate numbers in the first place. Once you do that, you're stuck dealing with the fallout of trying to distinguish confusing glyphs at distance on a moving vehicle. Many places omit letters that can be confused like this for good reason - e.g. Ontario plates can't have the letters G, I, O, Q, and U.
bloak 41 minutes ago [-]
In the font used for British number plates O and 0 are identical and 1 and I are identical. This link might work for an example:
Software that handles number plates needs to take account of this. Not all of it does but the glyphs being identical makes it quite clear where the responsibility lies.
harwoodr 45 minutes ago [-]
My Ontario green plate starts with GV...
TheMagicHorsey 47 minutes ago [-]
Law enforcement being lazy, dumb, and incompetent is not an unpredictable bug. Its predictable. The smartest human capital does not go into law enforcement in this country. They go to other industries. Flock needs to have procedures for whitelisting plates when errors are discovered because these kinds of issues are very common.
LocalH 10 minutes ago [-]
Yes, in fact, it's possible to be too smart to be a cop
58 minutes ago [-]
thaumasiotes 31 minutes ago [-]
> As always, this story has have nothing to do with the cameras or AI, but "law enforcement has an insane lazy practice" doesn't make for a very good headline anymore.
That practice isn't insane. It's what you'd always want.
To the extent that it causes problems, you'd want to fix the practice that doesn't make sense, which is using an alphabet for license plates that contains both O and 0.
ragall 53 minutes ago [-]
[dead]
kevin_thibedeau 31 minutes ago [-]
I've had two police stops in the past initiated by ALPR systems fraudulently claiming I didn't have a valid registration. Presumably because the state that issued the plates didn't share such data. I wasn't motivated to do anything about it but something more severe like this should be fought with a multimillion dollar libel suit against the C-suite and board.
vorticalbox 1 hours ago [-]
In the video he said that the courts ask "who is the warrant for" and he replied "no one", but surely one could also look up the number plate and find it that way?
gdulli 1 hours ago [-]
Law enforcement, from the same industry that brought you targeted ads recommending refrigerators because you just bought a refrigerator.
baby_souffle 1 hours ago [-]
Is there some argument to aid here that this constitutes or facilitates systemic harassment?
Or is that just going to be nigh on impossible to use as grounds for a lawsuit?
LocalH 1 hours ago [-]
Even if there are grounds for a lawsuit, chances are "qualified immunity" will mean the wronged parties get zero recompense
garciasn 1 hours ago [-]
Go after Flock; they are not protected by extension as they are the ones who are alerting the police and have no system-wide removal option according to the Chief interviewed.
sirtimbly 53 minutes ago [-]
Impersonal, tech-mediated surveillance was clearly the next logical step for law enforcement after the events of 2020.
LocalH 1 hours ago [-]
Flock should be shut down and their entire c-suite should be sent to prison for human rights violations
We need strong laws preventing any AI process from being used for law enforcement at all. The mere presence of AI at any step in the process should result in complete exoneration.
efitz 1 hours ago [-]
Flock is doing something I find unethical, even immoral, but maybe not illegal.
I want people who break the law to go to jail. I don’t care if they’re cops or c-suite execs.
But what I really want is laws (preferably federal) that make it illegal to build systems that can be used for mass surveillance, and I want law enforcement to HAVE to get a warrant to receive data from surveillance companies, even if they offer it without a warrant, because I want oversight.
munk-a 44 minutes ago [-]
We live in a strange time politically where the consensus on ethics is incredibly detached from justice. There is a danger in giving in to mob rules when it comes to the legal system but at this point we've wandered too far in the other direction with clear corruption around Flynn, Ticketmaster and others.
I simply don't find the argument that something isn't illegal compelling anymore since our justice system is so deeply misaligned with society. We live in the era of grift.
bigyabai 45 minutes ago [-]
> make it illegal to build systems that can be used for mass surveillance
Is such a law realistically enforceable? A lot of the surveillance systems used today are benign services like Push Notifications, SMS and online filesharing sites. A significantly motivated threat actor (like the NSA, Unit 8200, Salt Typhoon, etc.) would have no problem appropriating that data for themselves.
Something like an oversight committee might work better, but there would be a bipartisan effort to neuter them the moment they take action.
analogpixel 1 hours ago [-]
maybe we could start small, just add the entire c-suite to the warrant list and shrug when they tell people to take them off.
LocalH 1 hours ago [-]
The cops won't do that because they'd rather be lazy and let Flock do their investigative work for them
readthenotes1 1 hours ago [-]
"We need strong laws preventing any AI process from being used for law enforcement at all. The mere presence of AI at any step in the process should result in complete exoneration."
Why?
It seems to me that the biggest problem with policing is qualified immunity that prevents proper feedback (or what my dad would have called "consequences").
Without that, the tools the police use are largely irrelevant.
LocalH 53 minutes ago [-]
Good luck ending qualified immunity. The current SCOTUS would strike such a law down in seconds if it reached their docket
Zigurd 47 seconds ago [-]
Colorado and New Mexico do not have qualified immunity for law-enforcement. It's not carved in stone and it's not inevitable. If your state has ballot questions, it's time to get that on the ballot at the next possible opportunity.
lotsofpulp 1 hours ago [-]
Why punish the employees of a business when the root cause is corrupt government employees abusing their power?
Edit to respond to smt88:
IBM knowingly selling services to the Nazis specifically to violate human rights is not the same as Flock selling services to cops to aid in identification. In addition, going after 1 business is simply an inefficient use of resources, when the government employees can simply use a different business to abuse their power.
LocalH 1 hours ago [-]
I didn't say the employees should be imprisoned. I said the c-suite, the ones actually in charge. They're enabling these cops to be lazy and not do their job properly, and have directly contributed to numerous human rights violations.
lotsofpulp 1 hours ago [-]
C Suite are employees too. I do not see them breaking any laws, but I do see government employees abusing their power, if not breaking the law.
jumpconc 45 minutes ago [-]
C-Suite are the top level of the company. Above them is only the board of directors, whose power is limited to firing the C-Suite if they don't like what they're doing. In day to day operations, the C-Suite controls the entire company.
anigbrowl 52 minutes ago [-]
No they're not, they're executives who can only be fired by the board. Equating them with line-level employees is somewhere between naive and isingenuous.
toast0 55 minutes ago [-]
C-suite are officers. Officers have more responsibility for the conduct of the company than employees.
toast0 56 minutes ago [-]
C-suite are officers. Officers have more responsibility.
LocalH 47 minutes ago [-]
Sure, and Elon Musk is just a Twitter employee
smt88 1 hours ago [-]
Do you think IBM executives should've been punished for facilitating the Nazi war machine after WW2?
If you sell a tool and know that it'll be used for evil, are you innocent?
LocalH 1 hours ago [-]
> Do you think IBM executives should've been punished for facilitating the Nazi war machine after WW2?
Emphatic yes
Bayer lost their exclusive rights to aspirin because they aided the Central Powers during WW1
Turns out police are putting ambiguous plates in the system under all variants, and Flock is lapping it up. The cops who do so should also go to prison.
smt88 1 hours ago [-]
Cops have qualified immunity and unions with supreme power. No one will go to prison or even reprimanded for this.
LocalH 52 minutes ago [-]
I hope you agree with me that is exactly the problem, but AI use in law enforcement only enables the problem to become way worse, with few upsides.
Insane. Practice.
As always, this story has have nothing to do with the cameras or AI, but "law enforcement has an insane lazy practice" doesn't make for a very good headline anymore.
This story wouldn't exist without flock cameras constantly surveilling the public...cameras have EVERYTHING to do with this story.
wouldn't be a story? It should be! We should have a higher standard for the people with guns and a badge on the street.
Let me put in simple terms: Flock flags license plates that are given to it. Someone, somewhere says, license plate "ABCD1234" has a warrant out. And guess what, if Flock sees that plate, it _will_ flag it each. and. every. time!
Tomorrow, say an "Amber Alert" is issued for a pink Ford Taurus with plate "PINKLADY" (when in fact it was a red Taurus with the plate "MADLAD"). Don't you think anyone driving around in a pink Ford Taurus with that plate should be pulled over?
Multiple times? Police laziness fueled by AI incompetence
The people getting caught up in this have been pulled over multiple times.
Well then clearly they are not a problem.
They're alerting on a license plate but yet somehow they can't turn off that license plate alert using just the license plate number? Fucking bullshit
Agree.
> As always, this story has have nothing to do with the cameras or AI, but "law enforcement has an insane lazy practice" doesn't make for a very good headline anymore.
Flock allows them to execute their intent at scale. That's a regression, unless it leads to the realization their intent is harmful and stupid.
(Lots of other reasons Flock is bad too.)
Police are starting to use AI as a shortcut to avoid doing actual policing, and that's the real problem.
AI has no place in law enforcement. Its use should result in complete spoilage of the case, and complete exoneration of the accused, with prejudice.
AI has nothing to do with this. Cops have been using facial recognition since the 2010's, computers and databases with glitchy connections even longer than that. AI is just the latest boogeyman hiding the actual issue.
Edit: it was North Dakota, not North Carolina.
Yup, exactly. Look that case up, it had nothing to do with Flock. It was facial recognition software and an old school database built in 2014, so likely not big-data ML (AlexNet hadn't even come out) but classic CV.
Productivity improvements will be needed in all industries. I'd rather have fewer well-paid and well-trained, accountable LEO's that have all the productivity tools they need vs. a mini-army of union-protected tom-dick-harry's grabbed of the street, handed a gun and a database. No thank you.
Maybe if the cops can prove they actually did investigation and were only prompted by the AI to do that investigation, I'd agree. But the whole problem is that the cops are blindly using AI to tell them who to arrest, which is such a blatant rights violation that I can't see how anyone could support it and sleep soundly at night
Also, a non-zero number of cops have been using AI to stalk ex-partners. That's just known cases, and it stands to reason there are also a non-zero number of cops who have done it and not been caught. Since a single such case is too many, it needs to stop.
Also, don't forget, "good" cops who aren't reporting bad cops and trying to get them off the force are also really bad cops
https://www.cnn.com/2026/03/29/us/angela-lipps-ai-facial-rec...
Edit: the one I was referencing was North Dakota, not NC. But there was a very similar case that I think involved Maryland. The fact that there are multiple cases to confuse in this scenario only emboldens my viewpoint that AI has no place being anywhere near LEO
As has been explained numerous times, this was a problem with the police and the courts, not AI. Get rid of bad cops first, then worry about AI.
There is no sense in limiting yourself to doing the next-to-impossible task first.
The cameras also confuse D and Q with 0 and O. And 5 & S, and 2 & Z, and 6 & G, and 8 & B.
What's the need to allow both `O` and `0` on a plate if it's supposed to be hard to tell apart anyway? Say there was some reason to want to both characters, why allow assigning a new plate which would match with an existing assignment? It's just a loss of time, resources, and safety for both law enforcement and everyone else to allow duplicate matches to be a possibility.
The police are not your friends. Their job is to arrest. Some departments still have quotas which incentivize their cops to do this even harder.
We're approximately halfway down the slippery slope, and I don't see any way out other than hard revolution, which is very touchy talk on the internet.
Ultimately it's all modern capitalism's fault, else there would be much less incentive for these companies to fuel what is rapidly becoming the effective Fourth Reich
https://www.dafont.com/uk-number-plate.font?text=OO01+III
Software that handles number plates needs to take account of this. Not all of it does but the glyphs being identical makes it quite clear where the responsibility lies.
That practice isn't insane. It's what you'd always want.
To the extent that it causes problems, you'd want to fix the practice that doesn't make sense, which is using an alphabet for license plates that contains both O and 0.
Or is that just going to be nigh on impossible to use as grounds for a lawsuit?
Also, not just an isolated incident: https://youtu.be/8BImTddknfk
We need strong laws preventing any AI process from being used for law enforcement at all. The mere presence of AI at any step in the process should result in complete exoneration.
I want people who break the law to go to jail. I don’t care if they’re cops or c-suite execs.
But what I really want is laws (preferably federal) that make it illegal to build systems that can be used for mass surveillance, and I want law enforcement to HAVE to get a warrant to receive data from surveillance companies, even if they offer it without a warrant, because I want oversight.
I simply don't find the argument that something isn't illegal compelling anymore since our justice system is so deeply misaligned with society. We live in the era of grift.
Is such a law realistically enforceable? A lot of the surveillance systems used today are benign services like Push Notifications, SMS and online filesharing sites. A significantly motivated threat actor (like the NSA, Unit 8200, Salt Typhoon, etc.) would have no problem appropriating that data for themselves.
Something like an oversight committee might work better, but there would be a bipartisan effort to neuter them the moment they take action.
Why?
It seems to me that the biggest problem with policing is qualified immunity that prevents proper feedback (or what my dad would have called "consequences").
Without that, the tools the police use are largely irrelevant.
Edit to respond to smt88:
IBM knowingly selling services to the Nazis specifically to violate human rights is not the same as Flock selling services to cops to aid in identification. In addition, going after 1 business is simply an inefficient use of resources, when the government employees can simply use a different business to abuse their power.
If you sell a tool and know that it'll be used for evil, are you innocent?
Emphatic yes
Bayer lost their exclusive rights to aspirin because they aided the Central Powers during WW1
https://youtu.be/8BImTddknfk
Turns out police are putting ambiguous plates in the system under all variants, and Flock is lapping it up. The cops who do so should also go to prison.